Ins And Outs Of Surfing :: essays research papers

Surfing has been around for many years, in fact since 400 A.D and quite a little are assuage going hard at it today and will for many more years to come. The very source surfers were the Island folk who would use the waves to spoil over the coral reefs and back to shore after their hard days of fishing. They found that this was the easiest and quickest way of transport over the reefs so they continued to do it for many years. As clipping went on the art of riding waves then developed into more of a &8220leisure sport than that of being a part of work. The first actual surfboarders originated in the 1920&8217s where they rode large redwood planks that weighed around 126 pounds. As technology developed the boards became shorter, lighter and became better designed. The next surfboards to follow were made in the 1950&8217s, this time the boards where made of balsa wood and then covered in a layer of fiberglass, these boards reached a length of about 9-10 feet spacious.In the 1960& 8217s the long board was introduced and was made of Styrofoam and again, covered in fiberglass. In the 70&8217s the short board took over, which had a similar design to the long boards but were solitary(prenominal) around 6 foot in length. These proved to be very popular due to their faster speeds and easier maneuverability. Some of the people of today are still using the old fashioned long board, but as you would expect the design has changed significantly and they come in a few different lengths. directly the sport of surfing has grown into a worldwide attraction and people are surfing in basic exclusivelyy every country that has a coastline, tied(p) Alaska, as showed in the surf film &8220Endless Summer II. Nowadays people are taking to waves in all sorts of weird things, such as Kneeboards, Body boards, Kayaks and many other weird and wonderful things.A few of the really dedicated surfers, and those that can afford to, will spend some of their time travelling the world trying to find their own perfect wave. Some of the lucky ones will actually find one. But now that we have all different types of boards peoples opinion of their perfect wave has changed to adapt to their type of board. As in the 60&8217s a perfect wave was a floor break like Malibu, but also today&8217s people are surfing in all kinds of different places with different conditions, which also changes opinions.

Differences Between Tom Sawyer And Huck Finn Essay -- Mark Twain essay

Huckleberry Finn and tomcat Sawyer atomic number 18 Mark Twains two most memorable characters. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn experience a life of adventure in and out of role-play, weaving through danger with a childish disregard for personal well being. Even though they are quite alike due to age and hometown, their differences outweigh their similarities. Some of these differences include their upbringing, education, and morality. Toms upbringing is typical for this time period. He belongs to a middle class family make up of himself, his Aunt Polly, and his half br other(a), Sid. Tom is obsessed with stories of heroes and villains. He spends his spare time trying to pull together a group of robbers made of the other boys in the neighborhood. Hucks father is a poor alcoholic who habitually beats his son when he is drunk. All their money goes to support his addiction. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer find $6000 and the Widow Douglas adopts Huck to sivili ze him. The Widows house is the only place where Huck lives as a human being. He wears nice clothes, eats well, and attends shoal and church on a regular basis.Growing up in a structured household, Tom has been forced to attend coach ever since he reached the proper age to do so. Hucks only academic experience is when the Widow Douglas tries to civilize him after Tom and he finds the $6000 in a cave. She forces him to attend school and he learns how to read and write. He has been attending school for over ...

If you dont know where you are, you are no where :: Response Essays

Topic A former president of the National Geographic Society once said, If you dont know where you atomic number 18, you are no where. Do you agree or disagree?I agree because I find that this quote is true. People who live day by day doing nothing, whether if its hanging external with friends in the street during school hours or late hours of the night, or attending school just for attendance, but sitting in class wasting time, button to work and not even doing a good job or the full work it requires are examples of people who are in comfort zones, a place where you are stuck in denial. Ill explain it for better understanding of what I mean.What if youre someone who doesnt feel overmuch peer pressure and, in fact, doesnt feel much pressure to do anything at all? It can be just as bad, however, to go far in the other direction and become a total slug. You see, we also live in denial when we fail to admit to ourselves that we are not living up to our potential and are not creating something operative for our lives, so it is a bit similar when saying that if you dont know know where you are, you are no where because if you cant see what you are doing, you wont succeed. What I mean is that you stop attain for a higher level of achievement and accomplishment and cook that your life is okay. You get up, brush your happy hair, throw on some clothes, drag yourself break through of your house, and go through the motions of your day. You think youre comfortable, but youre not as happy as you could be. Youre in what I call a comfort zone and you pretend that its okay, so you accomlish nothing to take you to higher goals, to make you go somewhere in life, and you end up going no where, and when you look back at everything youve been doing for so long, you dont feel so good about it as the way you thought you would because you have nothing to show for it, especially if you really dont know where you are going in life because life only rewards action and those who k now what they want and have goals to achieve are going to get somewhere.Another charge up I would like to make about this

Ecotage :: Environmental Activism Essays

EcotageIn recent decades, as environmental loss has grown as devalued as our population, hundreds of plans, programs, groups and organizations have been established in order to uncover and solve the causes of world-wide environmental destruction. Many of these programs ar initiated and funded by federal, state and local government and are mainly targeted at general problems and result in minimal success. Other groups have been formed by tete-a-tete parties who usually hold more compassion and concern for the causes they are working for. However, these organizations are easily hindered by political resistance and result in equally discouraging results. Of course, there have been many instances in which environmental groups have attained victory through political debates and litigation yet the amount of failed attempts far outweighs the victories. Political debating is incredibly difficult collect to the power and financial support given to politicians by special interest groups. H owever, there is one other form of activism which has had an incredible success rate, at least(prenominal) in gaining attention and forcing their voices to be heard. This form of activism, commonly referred to as ecotage, focuses precisely on the activities of companies and industries which seriously damage the environment. These actions are never aimed at harming individuals, while private property is for the destroying. One common act of ecotage is the driving of long metal spikes vertically through the base of trees. Subsequently, as the logger attempts to saw the spiked tree, the chain on the saw snaps, thus delaying the murder of the tree as well as causing a financial burden for the individual or company. Other activities select ruining bulldozers by adding sand or similar abrasives to the gasoline, which results in seized bulldozer engines. In times of increased urgency for the protection of our remaining ecosystems, organizations such as Greenpeace and Earth jump have pro ven their ability to be effective and have their voices heard regarding the permanent preservation of our dwindling environment. While Greenpeace has been the traditional infrastructure environmentalist group of the 70s and 80s, modern, revolutionary type activists feel the peace is now a higher priority than the green. Earth First, started by Dave Forman, has become the front-runner in civil disobedience and direct, non-violent environmental activism. Their principles are simple, It is a belief in biocentrism, or Deep Ecology, and a practice of putting our beliefs into action (Unclaimed, 1997 see references). Earth First feels no regard for the well-being of anyone or thing except the environment and its natural inhabitants, thus the name Earth First.

The Enron Implosion and the Loss of Respect for the Accounting Professi

The Enron Implosion and the Loss of Respect for the Accounting ProfessionOn the surface, the motives behind decisions and events leading to Enrons downfall appear simple enough individual and collective greed born in an atmosphere of market euphoria and corporate arrogance. Hardly anyonethe company, its employees, analysts or individual investorswanted to believe the company was too good to be true. So, for a while, hardly anyone did. Many kept on buying the stock, the corporate mantra and the dream. In the meantime, the company made many high-risk deals, some of which were outside the companys typical asset risk control process. Many went sour in the early months of 2001 as Enrons stock price and debt rating imploded because of loss of investor and creditor trust. Methods the company used to disclose its complicated financial dealings were all impose on _or_ oppress and downright deceptive. The companys lack of accuracy in reporting its financial affairs, followed by financial rest atements disclosing billions of dollars of omitted liabilities and losses, contributed to its downfall. The whole affair happened under the watchful centre of Arthur Andersen LLP, which kept a whole floor of auditors assigned at Enron year-round.In 1985, after federal deregulation of natural gas pedal pipelines, Enron was born from the merger of Houston instinctive Gas and InterNorth, a Nebraska pipeline company. In the process of the merger, Enron incurred a lot of debt and, as the result of deregulation, no longer had exclusive rights to its pipelines. In station to survive, the company had to come up with a new and innovative business strategy to generate profits and cash flow. Kenneth Lay, CEO, hired McKinsey & Co. to assist in create Enrons business strategy. It assigned Jeffrey Skilling to the task. Skilling, who had a background in banking and asset and liability management, proposed a revolutionary solution to Enrons credit, cash, and profit worries in the gas pipeline business create a gas bank in which Enron would buy gas from a network of suppliers and sell it to a network of consumers, contractually guaranteeing both the supply and the price, charging fees for the transactions and assuming the associated risks. Thanks to the young consultant, the company created both a new product and a new paradigm for the sedulousnessthe energy derivative. Lay was so impressed with Skillings ... ... excellence stand in satirical contrast to allegations now being made public. Personally, I had referred some(prenominal) of our trounce and brightest accounting, finance and MBA graduates to Enron, hoping they could gain valuable experience from seeing things done right. These included a very bright training consultant who had lost her channel in 2000 with a Houston consulting firm as a result of a reduction in force. She has lost her second job in 18 months by no fault of her own. Other former students still hanging on at Enron face an uncertain future as the company fights for survival. The old construction goes, Lessons learned hard are learned best. Some former Enron employees are embittered by the way they have been treated by the company that was once the best in the business. Others disagree. In the words of one of my former students who is still hanging on Just for the record, my time and experience at Enron have been nothing curt of fantastic. I could not have asked for a better place to be or better people to work with. Please, though, remember this Never take client and employee confidence for granted. That confidence is easy to lose and toughto impossibleto regain.

C.S. Foresters Lieutenant Hornblower: Success And Failure :: Lieutenant Hornblower Essays

In the novel Lieutenant Hornblower there were a fewer scenes wereHornblower was a success and a few were he was a failure.In my opinion the first success of Hornblower was when he used all thecannons on one(a) side of the ship to free them from the mud holding the ship.Another success was when Hornblower suggested a landing attack on Samana Bay.The commanding officer agreed with his suggestion, and they spew together alanding party. Hornblower had the whole attack planed and the coordinatesmarked. His surprise attack on the Spanish at Samana proved to be a success.Once the arm was taken over he was successful in firing red hot blastoff at enemyships, even without ever using that technique before. Then when the negotiationwith the Spanish took place he had a brilliant idea to mount a nine pound cannonat the velocity end of the peninsula to prevent the Spanish from escaping. Thisenabled them to turn down the terms of the proposal that the Spanish wanted andget what they wanted w ithout giving anything to the Spanish. These achievementsmade by Hornblower is what subsequent earned him the command of the Retribution,although his command of the Retribution did not come until later when the warstarted again.Hornblower had also had a few failures that hindered his successes.Among these was when Hornblower was using the red hot shot to sink enemy ships.This was both a success and failure. It was a failure because after heating theshot for a considerably long period of term the shot began to deform. Thisdeformity of the shot wouldnt allow it to fit into the cannon. Hornblowerrealized his mistake after one of the shots wouldnt fit into the cannon. Thisslowed their operation down but didnt cause a defeat to them. The situationwith Hornblower gambling is mostly in my opinion a success but it could also bea failure. The way I think it would be a failure is that he lost a lot of his

Leadership: Bases of Power Essay

Who would want to work for a weak manager? Managers need advocate to do their jobs, beca office their jobs require them to learn others. Consequently, managers who witness power little to influence others experience a tremendous amount of frustration and stress. Their staff members tend to feel frustrated too. Power means m any opposite things to different people. For some, power is seen as corrupt. For others, the more power they make up, the more successful they feel. For blush others, power is of no interest at all.Positions of authority confer power to the people who call for managerial positions. How of all time, managers who rely solely on their formal authority to influence others will find that it doesnt inspire their staff, and put up raze demoralize them. Hence, it helps to also derive power from other firsts. Charisma and having personal appeal atomic number 18 sources of power too. Power empennage also be develop by becoming and expert or by performing critic al role for the firm. Bases of Social PowerBases of power refer to the methods that managers and attractions utilize to influence their employees. When examining bases of power, the concept of authority must also be considered. These two ar interconnected attributes tied to the behavior of superiors over subordinates. In their article, Are There No Limits To Authority?, David Knights and Darren McCabe explain that power should be understood to be a condition of social relations. Thus, it is erroneous to ask who has power. Instead, it is necessary to explore how power is exercised.In turn, the nature of how power is exercised is a workable definition for authority. In short, authority and power argon intertwined, with power being the tycoon to do things or nurture others do what one has erected while authority is the foundation on which that power is built. The bases of social power are very diverse, and no list is ever complete. Nonetheless, the commonly identified bases of pow er fit pretty well into two categories position-related factors and personal factors.Position-related factors. Position power suffices from the legitimacy inherent in many positions, the expertness to provide rewards, the force to coerce, access to important randomness and performing a critical procedure. These position-related factors are Legitimate power allows leaders to motivate others simply because they hold the leadership position. Sometimes we comply with the wishes of a leader just because of the societal expectations for us to do so. For instance, if Colin Powell shows up at your clubs luncheon and wants to label a few words, you let him. Why do you give him that privilege? Stupid question.Hes the Secretary of State You just do that manakin of thing for individual in his position. Thats legitimate power. That kind of legitimacy isnt always very strong for managers who are promoted to a position in which they must supervise their former peers. If the former peers have any trickyy adjusting to their managers new positions, legitimacy will be kind of weak. Legitimate power comes from having a position of power in an organization, such as being the boss or a key member of a leadership team. This power comes when employees in the organization recognize the authority of the individual. For example, the chief operating officer who determines the overall direction of the company and the resource needs of the company.Legitimate power rests in the belief among employees that their manager has the effective to give orders found on his or her position. For example, at the scene of a crime, people usually comply with the orders of a uniformed police officer based simply on their shared belief that he or she has the predetermined authority to give such orders. In a corporate setting, employees comply with the orders of a manager who relies on legitimate power based on the position in the organizational hierarchy that the manager holds. Yet, although employees may comply based on legitimate power, they may not feel a sense of commission or cooperation.Reward power is the competency to provide incentives to others if they will cooperate with you. Managers who give the sack affect their direct reports income, perks, job assignments, etc. are able to offer rewards in exchange for compliance. Having a soaring degree of reward power very helps a manager influence others. Reward power is conveyed through rewarding individuals for compliance with ones wishes. This may be done through condition bonuses, raises, a promotion, extra time off from work, etc. For example, the supervisor who provides employees comp time when they meet an objective she sets for a project. Reward power, as the name implies, rests on the powerfulness of a manager to give some sort of reward to employees. These rewards can range from monetary compensation to improved work schedules.Reward power a good deal does not need monetary or other tangible compensat ion to work when managers can convey various intangible benefits as rewards. Huey describes Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., as an active user of reward power. Walton relies heavily on these intangible awards, indicating that nothing else can quite substitute for a few well-chosen, well-timed, sincere words of praise. They are absolutely free-and worth a fortune. When reward power is used in a flexible manner, it can prove to be a strong motivator, as Crosby, Deming, and others have shown. Still, when organizations rely too rigidly on rewards, the system can backfire. Employees may be tempted to unethically or even illegitimately meet the quotas to which overly rigid reward systems may be tied. Another problem associated with rewards as a base for power is the possibility that the rewards will skylark employees attention from their jobs and focus their attention instead on the rewards dangled before them. authoritative power is the ability to punish or intimidate. It s often said that unions forefend managements ability to sanction uncooperative employees. That may be a bit of an exaggeration, but when collective bargaining agreements state that management can only terminate employees with cause, management does have restricted ability to coerce cooperation. Managers should use coercion with great care anyway. Coercion only motivates minimal cooperation and breeds resentment. Coercive power is conveyed through fear of losing ones job, being demoted, receiving a poor performance review, having prime projects taken away, etc. This power is gotten through heavy(a) others. For example, the VP of Sales who threatens sales folks to meet their goals or get replaced. Coercive power rests in the ability of a manager to force an employee to comply with an order through the threat of punishment.Coercive power typically leads to short-term compliance, but in the long-run produces dysfunctional behavior. Coercion reduces employees satisfaction with their j obs, leading to lack of commitment and general employee withdrawal. In the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, coercive power has seen a decline in the last 50 years. Several reasons contribute to this, ranging from the legal corroding of employment-at-will and the awareness of employee violence or other forms of retaliatory behavior. Equally important as an effect on the receding popularity of coercion as a groundwork of power has been the influence of quality management theorists, such as Philip Crosby and W. Edwards Deming.They suggested that there is a decline in productivity and creativity when coercive power is employed. The use of coercive power results in an atmosphere of insecurity or fear. In spite of this insight, coercion as a base of power continues to play a role even in those organizations influenced by theories of quality management. In times of economic crisis or threats to the survival of the organization at large, coercion may come to the forefront. Coerc ive power may also materialize as organizations attempt to streamline their operations for maximum efficiency. If employees must be fired, those who fail to conform to the organizational goals for survival will be the most likely candidates for termination.The threat of termination for failure to comply, in turn, is coercive power. Access to valuable information produces power because valuable information is a resource that can be exchanged. Back in the days when managers had secretaries do all their typing and schedule their meetings, some secretaries had access to a lot of important information. Consequently, people who were nice to secretaries were able to get information and access to key personnel that jerks couldnt get. Even without having formal authority, the secretaries did have power, and abrupt business people treated secretaries with respect. Performing a critical function confers power, but only to the extent that the individual or group performing the function is irrep laceable.One of my favorite examples of criticality and irreplaceability as they pertain to power comes from NBCs television show, West Wing. At the end of the first epoch, the producers were expecting to have to renegotiate a lot of the actors contracts. The producers wanted to bring the whole cast back because audiences dont react well to new actors playing established roles or to roles that are clumsily dropped from the story. Thus, each actor was critical and irreplaceable. Of course, producers dont have to replace an actor whose character died. So, the writers arranged to have the West Wing season finale end with a gunshot that could have killed any of the critical actors.It wasnt until the second season that we found out who got hit. By making the actors less critical, the producers reduced the actors negotiating power. Personal factors. A number of personal qualities can also contribute to a persons power in an organization. Some of these are Expertise that can be used in ex change for favors is a form of power. For instance, if youre an expert with PowerPoint you can help colleagues put together their presentations, and you can get favors from them in return. Expert power comes from ones experiences, aptitudes or knowledge. As we gain experience in particular areas, and become thought leaders in those areas, we get down to gather expert power that can be utilized to get others to help us meet our goals.For example, the Project Manager who is an expert at solving particularly challenging problems to ensure a project stays on track. Expert power rests on the belief of employees that an individual has a particularly high level of knowledge or highly specialized skill set. Managers may be accorded authority based on the perception of their greater knowledge of the tasks at hand than their employees. Interestingly, in expert power, the superior may not rank higher than the other persons in a formal sense. Thus, when an equipment repair person comes to t he CEOs office to fix a malfunctioning piece of machinery, no question exists that the CEO outranks the repair person yet regarding the specific task of acquiring the machine operational, the CEO is likely to follow the orders of the repair person.Expert power has within it a built-in spirit level of weakness as a point of power, expertness diminishes as knowledge is shared. If a manager shares knowledge or skill instruction with his or her employees, in time they will acquire a similar knowledge base or skill set. As the employees grow to equal the managers knowledge or skills, their respect for the superiority of his expertise diminishes. The result is either that the managers authority diminishes or that the manager intentionally chooses not to share his or her knowledge base or skill set with the employees.The former choice weakens the managers authority over time, while the latter weakens the organizations effectiveness over time. Likeability, or any kind of personal attractiv eness, also gives you power. If people like to be around you because youre witty, friendly, famous or good looking, youre also likely to be pretty persuasive. We all want to do favors for people we like, up to a limit anyway.Charisma has multiple meanings. A person with charisma has a special interpersonal appeal. Charisma can be viewed as a particularly strong form of likeability or attractiveness. Thats the kind of charisma that Princess Diana had. Charismatic leaders, on the other hand, communicate a vision thats very appealing and they energize others to pursue it with them. If you want to be a charismatic leader, (a) you have to have an ambitious vision for the group youre leading, (b) you have to be excited active it, (c) you have to be confident in the groups ability to achieve that vision, and (d) you have to be able to communicate your vision, excitement, and confidence.Thats the kind of charisma that Winston Churchill had. Persuasive ability, which is clearly associated w ith the ability to influence others, is another personal source of power. Intellectual problem solving abilities (e.g., rational problem solving ability, creative problem solving ability, inductive reasoning ability) help people influence others. So do interpersonal persuasion skills. On the list of influence tactics, reason is generally considered the best way to influence others. Its ranked above reciprocity, which draws on reward power (e.g., a bonus in exchange for exceptional performance), and retribution which uses threats and intimidation. To the extent that reason is a great way to influence others, possessing the ability to reason with others is a great power base.Credibility is an important personal base of power. We are more likely to be persuaded by and follow someone with high credibility than we are someone with low or no credibility. Credibility comes from integrity, character, competence, and the ability to lead. Integrity means being open and sharing information tha t people need and have a right to know. Hidden agendas undermine integrity. So does the unwillingness to provide truthful, well-intentioned, constructive criticism. Honesty also has to be case-hardened with discretion. Managers need to show discretion and not say negative things about people as gossip or with the intent to hurt, even if those negative things are true.Remember the lesson from the movie, Jerry Maguire, brutal truth can be a bad thing. Character is the strength to do what needs to be done in difficult times. A basketball team has character if it tends to play well at the end of close games. A businessperson demonstrates character by acting in a moral and ethical way despite pressures or self-interests that push them to do otherwise. Competence is ones knowledge and skills that pertain to a condition situation. When someone tries to reason with you and gain your support for a certain course of action, their competence in that area affects their persuasiveness. If they dont know what theyre lecture about, youre not going to be influenced.Competence contributes to credibility, and credibility allows one person to influence another. Finally, the ability to lead contributes to managers credibility. Would you enthusiastically follow a leader who is unable to inspire others, manage conflict, delegate tasks or coordinate activities? No matter how much you respect a leader for her task-related knowledge, integrity and character, youll have reservations about working hard for her if she doesnt demonstrate the ability to lead.In Summary Managers must have power, and they would do well to develop more than just the ability to reward and punish others. Having resources and information that can be exchanged for cooperation is also helpful. Having personal qualities that inspire confidence and a willingness to follow might be even more useful. Nevertheless, all are sources of power.ReferencesVictor, D. (n.d.). Leadership Styles and Bases of Power. Retrieved F ebruary 25,2013, from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Int-Loc/Leadership-Styles-and-Bases-of-Power.htmlixzz2Lt2Q7QbI Abudi, G. (2011). The 5 Types of Power in Leadership. Retrieved February,from http//quickbase.intuit.com/blog/2011/08/26/the-5-types-of-power-in-leadership/Wiliams, S. (2004). Building Your Power Bases. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http//www.wright.edu/scott.williams/LeaderLetter/power.htm

Japanese Comfort Women Essay

It is estimated that between one and two hundred thousand female sex slaves were agonistic to deliver sexual inspection and repairs to japanese soldiers, both before and during foundation War II. These women were known as encourage women and the Imperial Conference, which was composed of the emperor, representatives from the armed forces and the main(prenominal) Cabinet ministers, approved their consumption by Japanese soldiers. Walkom) The term comfort women refers to the victims of a premeditated systematic plan originated and implemented by the government of Japan to enslave women considered inferior and subject them to repeated mass rapes, express Michael D. Hausefeld, one of over 35 lawyers in his firm representing the former sexual prisoners in a class action lawsuit currently pending against the Japanese government. (Eddy) Since ancient times, prostitutes in Japan chose to sell their bodies either for family, poverty, or for saving her husband and her children. much or less, their sacrifices were seen as positive. But, being forced to become comfort woman by Japanese is seen as negative. The difference between the Japanese prostitutes and comfort women is that the comfort women did not choose to be trapped as a sex slave and they were not paid for what they did. In 1931, when the Japanese army invaded Manchuria, comfort houses do their first appearances. These comfort houses were created to provide the Japanese soldiers with outlets for their sexual needs.In the beginning, there were only a few comfort houses but after the Nanjin Massacre occurred in 1937, some more were added, basically to every vex that the Japanese were stationed. (Walkom) After the Japanese soldiers slaughtered thousands of Chinese people in the Nanjin Massacre, they barbarically raped an insurmountable number of women. As a result, anti-Japanese sentiments grew and it became harder to fully occupy these lands. The government set up comfort houses to decrease disorder and g ive the approximately two million soldiers a place to satisfy their sexual needs.The Japanese did not have enough prostitutes to supply the needs of the soldiers so they commissioned civilians to develop comfort houses. At the time, only a small percentage of Japanese women were mobilized to work in comfort houses and they were all prostitutes to begin with. The majority of the comfort women were actually Korean women, who were forcibly taken from Korea to service the needs of the Japanese soldiers. After the war, the Japanese government destroyed all evidence of their elaboration in Japanese comfort houses, enforcing that commercial businessmen were creditworthy for the movement of women.Many of the comfort women were kidnapped or deceived into voluntarily working in comfort houses. Once they were there, they were trapped and forced into prostitution. Some women reported that Japanese agents offered them broad(a) jobs or education. Others were told that each family in the village had to donate a daughter to the war effort. Many some others were offered food, shelter and factory jobs. The Japanese also kidnapped young, unmarried girls when they had a shortage of comfort women.The ages of the girls in the comfort houses ranged from 15 to 19, with the minority exception of some younger girls and some older, married women. The girls were transported between war machine bases like cargo, under heavy guard in army trucks, trains, ship and bus. They were forced to lose their virginity before arriving at the bases to prepare them for having sexual intercourse with tens of soldiers every day. Many women contemplated expiry after this, as they believed their virginity to be more precious than animation. (Henson)When living in the comfort houses, the comfort women lived in fear and desperation. They were unable to leave, as they were heavily guarded. severally day, they were penetrated by as many as 50 soldiers, until they were sore and bloated to the point of n ot being able to open their legs. If they were infected with a sexually transmittable disease, they received injections known as Injection 606. If infected enough times, they lost their fertility. In Japan, infected women were killed. Their food was mixed with cyanide, their bodies taken to a undermine and finally, the cave was blown up with a grenade.The comfort houses made money off these women and it is believed that the Japanese government paid them, as most of the soldiers paid by coupons. As soon as the war was finished, the Japanese Imperialist guards disappeared without trace. Most comfort women describe the experience this way, Suddenly, the soldiers came no more, and upon subscribeing we found that the war had ended. In other regions, as the Japanese committed harikari, the women were forced to do the same. In extreme cases, the women were put in a cave and blown up.After the war, many of the comfort women were too sick to be moved and were taken under the care of the American army. Most of the women were left with no place to go, as they were in a strange country with no money, and were too humiliated to go home. According to one comfort woman, my bodys wasted, therefore I do not dare go home in fear of being ignored and looked down upon. Even after the war ended, the comfort women were not free. Their dishonored minds and inferiority complexes kept them from returning home and they stayed in foreign countries.The small amount that married, were often forced to separate after the fact that they were comfort women was known, or they were divorced because they could not have children. The victims are still suffering the pain physically and psychologically. More than half of them could not get pregnant, and most of them have enter diseases. Furthermore, the psychological impact on these women made them felt themselves dirty, ashamed that they disgraced themselves and isolated themselves from others. They are either afraid of getting married, o r unable to ask for any commitment from their lovers.For those who got married, their marriage was unstable and unhappy due to their past. Some thought that they must have done something evil in their previous life that they have to be punished in this life. (Hicks) They go to tempos to chant sutras, to confess, to pursue liberation, and they even commit suicide. Although the period of time they spent at the Japanese multitude base was a small part of their life, what they had experienced caused an incurable impact on their health, marriage, mind, and social adaptation.Although the Japanese government continues to deny or minimize their involvement with comfort women, their defense is unraveling. A conference on Japanese Crimes Against Humanity Sexual Slavery and Forced Labor was held last twelvemonth, in which Japanese researchers delivered paper which claimed that the Japanese military, the rest of the government, and Japanese industry were all involved in the decision to provid e sex slaves for the countrys soldiers. (Chunghee) Japanese historian Hirofumi Hayashi said The establishment and development of the military comfort women system as not only carried out by the total involvement of every section of the military but also by administrative machinery at every level of the Japanese state In addition, we should not overlook that Japanese companies were their accomplices. (Chunghee) searchers from the Center for Research and Documentation of Japans War Responsibilities in Yokohama showed that Japanese rubber companies were under government contract to supply 20 million condoms a year to armed forces once the decision had been made to provide sex slaves to the soldiers.Rumiko Nishino wrote that high-ranking adjutants commissioned by Cabinet and sub-Cabinet-level government officials implemented the distribution of the condoms. The availability of condoms to the usual population became almost nil. (Chunghee) Last year, the Japanese appeals court overtur ned an earlier ruling that orders the government to compensate women who were forced to coif as sex slaves during World War II. Both sides had appealed that ruling. The plaintiffs because they thought the compensation was too small, and the government because they refused to pay. Duke) In deciding in favor of the government, the Hiroshima High Court said abducting women to use them as forced laborers and sex slaves was not a serious constitutional violation. Tokyo has admitted that its wartime army had set up brothels, and forced thousands of Koreans, Filipinos, Dutch and Chinese to serve as prostitutes, but it has refused to compensate these victims. Historians say as many as 200,000 women were forced into sexual slavery during World War II.

Group Counselling Essay

In an loadingive functioning group, the members ar striving to carry what they are learning in a school term into their everyday lives. They do this by formulating plans to practice between posings, by making a commitment to do preparation assignments and by practicing a variety of new behaviors outside of the group. Perhaps the two most important phases of a group are its beginning and its give the axe. The beginning because that is where the bank note of the group is set the end because that is where learning is merged and action plans are typically formulated. (pg 164) There are both(prenominal) tasks to be carried out during the closing sitting (ending a group)* Members are encouraged to complete any unfinished businesses they may have with other group members or the leader. * Members are taught how to carry with them what theyve learned and esp. how to chide to significant people in their lives. * Members are assisted in making specific plans for change and in taking c oncrete move to put the lessons learnt into effect in their daily lives. * Leaders help members discover ways of creating their own support systems after they leave the group. * Specific plans for follow-up and evaluation are made.NB. The more than behavioral approaches deal transactional analysis, behavioral group therapy, RE behavior therapy and reality therapy place primary emphasis on the above mentioned tasks. This owing to the belief that, members ought to consolidate their learning, practice homework assignments and develop a specific action plan, if they expect to make significant changes in their lives.BodyTime is limited in a group counseling session. The leader therefore, constantly remains aware of that and t individuallyes participants how to best use the time available to them. Leaders also need to train members on how to pace themselves so that they do not wait until the end of the session to introduce work that cannot be addressed in the short time remaining. goo dly Practice to Carry Out When Ending a SessionI. Asking Members to Sum up The leader may allow approximately 10min at the end of a session for members to summarize what the session has meant to them individually. Some questions that may be asked to help members consolidate their learning include a) Could you briefly summarize what the session has meant for you? b) What steps towards your goal are you willing to take between directly and our next session to make changes in your life? c) Was there anything unfinished for you today that you would like to continue in our next conflux? d) What was the most important thing that you experienced during this meeting? e) What touched you most in other peoples work today?f) What did you learn about yourself? g) Did you get what you requiremented from this session? (what in specific?) Questions like these assist members in identifying specific behaviors they must want to change, both in the group and in daily life. They also reinforce thei r commitment to make changes.II. Dealing with Unfinished Work In the case that some work in a session isnt going to be finished before the group ends, the leader can help bring a sense of closure simply by acknowledging those incomplete explorations or feelings that are left unspoken. This he can do by simply asking the knob to differ the discussion until the next session. For example, Since were running out of time today, would you be willing to reflect on it a bit between now and the next meeting, maybe do some writing, and bring it up again then Activity during this time PsychodramaThere is a procedure for closing a group session in Psychodrama that increases the chances that members will be able to identify and deal with unfinished business. Psychodrama emphasizes allowing enough time for the sharing and discussion phase for each session. Sharing which comes first, consists of nonjudgmental statements about oneself. Then after the personal sharing, time is allotted for a discus sion of the group process. Members who have engaged in a role-playing enactment are invited to share their reactions to those roles. Others are asked to tell members who participated in a psychodrama enactment how they were personally affected by the work and what they learned from it.III. Arrange cooking AssignmentsHaving members announce Homework assignments or some means of carrying further the work they have done in a session, and then report on the same, at the beginning of the next session is a closing technique it also links the ending session to the next. Homework can be deviced by members themselves or the leader. Keeping in line with behavioral approach, it is important for leaders to teach members that the crucial change is the one that takes place in the real world. And this is where homework comes in handy. The main point is that insight alone rarely results in behavioral change. Insight needs to be translated into action for change to occur premise of the Adlerian P erspective.pg. 168.IV. fashioning Your Own Comments and AssesmentsLeaders may form a practice of giving their reactions, a group process commentary or a summary of the meeting towards the end of the session. Leaders might comment on* The cohesion of the group* The degree to which members freely brought up topics for work * The willingness to take risks and talk about severe topics * The degree to which they interacted with one another (as opposed to speaking only directly to and through the leader) * Their willingness to discuss difficult concernsLeaders might use write up notes about each session during the week and use those comments at the beginning of the next session as a catalyst for linking the sessions Another way to loaded session is to set apart the last 5min for members to fill out brief rating/assessment sheets. The ratings can be tallied in a few proceedings and the results presented at the beginning of the next session. A rating scale of 1-5 can be used. Questions that can be asked includea) To what degree were you involved in this session? b) To what degree were you willing to take risks in the group? c) To what degree did you trust other members in the group? d) To what degree has todays session moved(p) you to think about your problems, your life situation, or possible decisions you might want to make? e) To what degree were you willing to share what you were feeling and thinking in the session today? f) To what extent are you willing to actively practice some new behavior this week? g) To what degree did you prepare yourself or think about this session before you came today? h) To what degree are you willing to non-defensively take the feedback you receive and consider it carefully? i) To what degree did you see the group as deep today?

Naukri.Com

NAUKRI. COM Industry- eBusiness is the integration of a comp whatevers commerce including products, procedures, and service over the Internet. pic You turn your company from a rail line into an eBusiness when you integrate your sales, selling, accounting, manufacturing, and operations with your web site activities. An eBusiness uses the Internet as a center for all business activities. eCommerce is the online component of an eBusiness. E-business may be defined as the conduct of industry,trade,and commerce using the computer networks. Naukri. om is an Indian crease search engine operating in India founded by Sanjeev Bikhchandani in March1997. This employment site allows businesses to bottom line of business announcements and look through resumes. People looking for employement potty post their resumes, ad links to their home page and browse the ads and look at potential drop employers home pages as well. The site was established in 1997 by Info Edge (India) Ltd. Info E dge is a listed company on the Bombay Stock permutation and National Stock Exchange. It went public in November 2006. As of March 31, 2011 Naukri. om had a database of ab come on 25 million registered job seekers and over 80,000 live job listings from incorporated Customers. During the Fiscal year 2010-11 Naukri. com serviced approximately 42,000 Corporate Customers, an average of about 12,000 resumes were added while about 72,000 were modified daily in the Naukri. com database in Fiscal year 2010-11. Overview In India Naukri. com has been ranked at 22nd spot as per Alexa traffic rankings. It has a global ranking of 452. 2,480 sites sh ar their links in the job portal. Usually intimately 9 minutes is spent by severally viewer in the site nd every page is viewed al or so 42 second approximately. Naukri is the leaders job site in India and is the premier brand of Info Edge. It has single-handedly given a new dimension to the concept of employment in the country. subsequently i t was found the company has left behind every competitor. Naukri. com as a enlisting agency offers employment related service to both regular job seekers and leading placement agencies and recruiters and corporate houses. Its services are available in both India as well as outside the country. The jobsite offers a wide trim of services such as Response Management Tools and Resume Database Access.Among its major services is recruiter branding solutions, Naukri PayCheck, Naukri. com Magazine, Resdex, Naukri on Mobile and Chat and job postings. The site has, at any clock, 200,000 jobs and serves almost 35,500 corporate houses. It also publishes a useful report named Naukri JobSpeak, which is brought out on a monthly basis. Corporate strategy heap Vision is to create a curriculum where, in 20 years time, every Indian who is looking for a job cannister find one. Mission either person looking for a Job should travel one. Initial Strategy (1997-2000) The initial marketing strate gy was geared towards fulfilling two objectives.The archetypical objective was to get the companies and placement consultants to list their jobs on the web site and the second one was to get job seekers to visit the site. Towards achieving the first objective, an intensive search exercise was carried out. The police squad went through the previous issues of several newspapers and magazines, went to libraries, scanned Yellow Pages and built a mailing list that contained names and addresses of approximately twenty four thousand companies and placement consultants who had put an advertisement for jobs in the last five years.Letters were mailed out to them with discipline about the service. At the same time, another list of newspapers and magazines was compiled. Letters were also move to these newspapers and magazines informing them of the introduction of this unique service. Advertising was also done but on a very small scale. It was restricted to small-classified displays in news papers. In effect, initially, the marketing strategy of Naukri. com was based on direct mailing and it was actually a very low price one. Current Strategy (2001-2004) The marketing strategy before long existence followed by Naukri. om is two pronged one, in the words of their marketing tell apartr Ayesha Kapur. Naukri. com reaches out to two segments primarily the job seekers and the employers. To reach out to recruiters, Naukri. com has a 130-140 strong sales force across the country that go around and come upon the clients face to face, introduce them to the products and explain them. The mechanism adopted to reach out to the other segment, that is, the job seekers, is aggressive publicize. The aggressive advertising has kept momentum only during the last year (2003-2004). Naukri. om has been advertising on television and the mug media and is now exploring radio as a medium for advertising its services and products. Advertisement on television has included promotion duri ng the IndiaAustralia cricket game series send on the national T. V. network, Doordarshan, in the year 2001. Environmental factors The major external forces are SUPPLY AND DEMAND If the company has a demand for more professionals and in that location is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will have to depend upon internal sources by providing them special training and tuition programs.In this case naukri. com has to supply more resumes and employable volume. Labour market If there is surplus of man authority at the time of recruitment, even informal attempts at the time of recruiting like notice boards display of the requisition or announcement in the meeting etc will attract more than enough applicants. IMAGE / GOODWILL escort of a company is based on what organization does and affected by industry. Good companies looking for candidates at naukri. com will increase the count of people fall in the site for future searches. POLITICAL-SOCIAL- LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Various government regulations prohibiting discrimination in hiring and employment have direct impact on recruitment practices. any law or regulation will affect the number of resumes forwarded by naukri. com for example if there are reserved seats for SC/ST in a company then naukri. com will have to filter out those matching this criteria. COMPETITORS To face the competition, many a times the organizations have to change their recruitment policies consort to the policies being followed by the competitors. Naukri. om has to follow with companys policies and update its website with same on authorized time basis. Business Process pic Naukri. com is currently positioned in the online recruitment and job search space. It can define its business based on products and services delivered or customer functions fulfilled. A possible list of definitions could include online advertising site for vacancies Internet based recruitment related products and services business online resume source online information source for job seekers on available jobs online job application method online resume services for job-seekers, etc. Another substance of defining a firms business is to base the definition on the firms meaning competencies. Naukri. com has developed competencies in creating and running playning a website and associated technologies. The firm is competent at facilitating matches between the job providers and the job seekers using its website and the power of Internet and e-mail. This definition enables the firm to diversify in the future to any product category where the firm can facilitate matches between two or more sets of parties using a website, the Internet, and e-mail through its proprietary technology and databases. A visit to naukri. com website indicates that the firm is already experimenting with matrimonial matches and matches involving owners of building plots, houses, and apartments with those seeking to acquire or rent property. Problem definition As the number of unemployable people is rising we need a method by which Just in time approach for finding the jobs by unemployable people and finding of employees by the company becomes efficient. Requirement analysis As Is To be Notice boards, print ads, word of mouth Web portal Results oriented Process oriented pathetic level coverage of notice Wide area coverage of information JIT process efficiency is low JIT process becomes efficient Difficult in access to information Easy access to live employment opportunities Low records of database of searchers and recruiters thumping records updated daily Public access, private access not possible Private access possible Technology The database collection. World Wide Web iFind Technology The iFind algorithm is powered to find what you mean, not just what you type. This increases the volume of relevant resumes available to you to choose from. The ION platform i s fitted with security features to cover User authentication Safe platform administration Secure communication protocols Additionally, the platform is compatible with standard security features, such as the ones related to the setup of secure networks (in particular VPN technology, firewalls/routers NAT configurations, SSH connections). E-apps application for employers to manage responses. applicant tracking system (ATS) DSS pic Technologies used and their preference with increase volumeAttributes and Characteristics Faster search Secured access Personalized data Customization of data Privacy protocol gigantic records for recruiter and applicant to search from Cost effective Global reach Reduction in recruitment time by 60% Usability from stakeholder points of view For job hunters slackening of access to millions of jobs. Personalized format Secure login Global reach Application time is reduced Resume developments For employers Connectivity to millions of job hunters Real time information updates germane(predicate) search E apps to manage resonses Ease in passing information For government Increase in GDP Increase in tax receiptss Low unemployable rate IT Infrastructure requirement pic 5 layer model of naukri. com infrastructure pic Firewall It is a software application mounted on a innkeeper at the point where a company is connected to the internet. Its purpose is to prevent unauthorized access into the company from outsiders Demiliterized zone In a DMZ configuration, most computers on the LAN run behind a firewall connected to a public network like the internet. One or more computers also run outside the firewall in the DMZ. Cost benefit analysis They made the market more efficient by reducing search salute and transaction cost thus making it attractive to get into this market.It is important to understand the reasons for naukri. com and other akin(predicate) websites registering excellent growth. The job market existed bef ore but naukri. com and other similar websites took initiatives to facilitate certain activities performed in this market. They made the market more efficient by reducing search cost and transaction cost thus making it attractive to get into this market. In this case, the efficiency in the market also brings in effectiveness as the cycle time to close the transaction becomes bunco leading to increased satisfaction. That is, when market becomes more efficient, trapped value is released which means a new revenue stream for the business organization.Trapped value is also released when a new value system gets created, for example, the value of a new found community of recruiters and job seekersthey existed earlier but as standalone entities. This leads to savings in cost to search the talent. For recruiters the cost advantage comes from reducing the cost of print ads and other traditional methods. Also they get the great talent quickly so that they can hire the person for the position and continue their operations. For job hunters it saves their cost of running around for hunting down the required jobs. Challenges in Naukri. com business pic People- Convenience and connectivity ensures people are just click away to get the right kind of job.The ease of accessing the database for application for the jobs has made it easier for people to search the jobs which suit them. However with increasing number of applicants the increasing database makes it difficult to manage the large pool of offers. Moreover some co-success factors support both efficiency and effectiveness communities as parts of e-customer human relationship management programs improve customer retention , thus avoiding high costs of acquiring new customers. Implementation Its elementary to describe e-commerce and the benefits resulting from its implementation. Its not so easy to develop and deploy e-commerce systems. Companies have faced significant hurdles in these efforts Cost.E-commerce requires sop histicated, distributed systems based on new technologies that can touch many of a companys core business processes. As with all major business systems, e-commerce systems require significant investments in hardware, software, staffing, and training. Businesses need comprehensive solutions that are easy to use and thus do enable cost-effective deployment. Value. Businesses want to know that their investments in e-commerce systems will produce a return. They deploy e-commerce systems to achieve business objectives such as lead generation, business process automation, and cost reduction. They want to ensure that these objectives are met.Businesses also need flexible solutions so that they can easily adapt a system to meet changing business conditions. Security. Because the Internet provides almost universal access, a companys assets essential be protected against misuse, whether accidental or malicious. At the same time, that protection should not compromise a sites usability or per formance nor make its development too complex. There is an additional security issue Because e-commerce systems enable the collection and usage of minute information about individual customers, companies also need to protect the privacy of their customers. Existing Systems. Companies need to be able to harness the functionality of existing applications into e-commerce systems.Most companies new to e-commerce already use information technology to conduct business in non-Internet environments in existing marketing, effectuate management, billing, inventory, distribution, and customer service systems. The Internet represents an alternative and complementary way to do business. Its imperative that Internet e-commerce systems integrate existing systems in a manner that avoids duplicate function and maintains usability, performance, and reliability. Interoperability. Interoperability here means the linking of trading partners applications in order to exchange business documents. These s ystems must work together well in order to achieve business objectives. For example, the order-management application of a business partner must interoperate with the inventory applications of its suppliers.Interoperation between businesses reduces costs and improves performance. It enables the implementation of more dynamic value chains. Business partners Brijj- professional networking Merination- study material Jeevansaathi- Indian matrimonial site Allcheck deals- real estate in india Zomato- food guide 99 acres- real estate in india Shiksha- education and career Mydala. com- deal offering site PEST outline POLITICAL 1. Government support for increasing Internet penetration in India. 2. Tax benefits to corporate. 3. Government policy to increase jobs 4. Pumping money in the infrastructure efficient 1. Booming Indian economy. 2. Increase in Indian GDP 3.Increase in ratio of Employed to unemployed people 4. Base of internet users multiplied by 10 to 11 times in last 6 years. SOCIA L 1. People spend more time on internet 2. Rise of accessible networking site 3. High priority on time and convenience. 4. Improving usage of Broadband and high computer literacy. TECHNOLOGICAL 1. increase in wideband services 2. Increasing penetration rate of broadband and wireless internet. 3. Better managed E business site for ease, privacy and advancements in net banking. SWOT Analysis naukri. com has the first mover advantage. It is still paying off till date with naukri having the best brand recall in terms of job portals. The site design has authoritative great acceptance among Indians. (better than monster and timesjobs) It has the experience of being in the market for almost a decade. It has a large market share while monsterindia and Timesjobs are far behind. It ranked as Indias number one job site on all parameters page view, reach, and traffic. It has the advantage of a clear revenue model since its inception. While it has a few services that are free to both job seekers and job providers, the majority of their services are paid for by the recruiters. It has a very committed team. This is clear from the visits made by them to establish contact. It is known to have one of the best work atmospheres. Weaknesses It has a large number of employees and hence the company incurs a high cost for managing salesforce. There is a high level of attrition. Employer Branding on Naukri. com is hardly visible which is a major product flaw on the portal Opportunities Internet users are increasing day by day. Approximately, 7. 5 million urban Indians are using the net. Further, with broadband infrastructure being rolled out, there are more opportunities on the net. The scope of online recruitment is, therefore, increasing. Like any other online recruitment company, it has the advantage of being a low cost medium of recruitment. SHIKSHA. om and JEEVANSAATHI. com are the group portals of naukri. com and have great potential The online opportunity for h iring in India is growing at 80-90 per cent each year. THREATS Chances are that many more potential competitors may gain entry into the market. It is quite possible that any one of the players may also provide value-added services to clients like conducting preliminary interviews, etc. Sabotaging the existing clients of naukri. com by its competitors recently and luring them with more listing and other value-added services at slightly more premium can have a long term negative impact. While this issue can be tack-led out by naukri. om, if it continues, it may result in eating away of market advantage and loss of customer confidence on a single job portal i. e Naukri and hence loss of brand loyalty. honourable Issues 1) Web tracking E-businesses draw information on how visitors use a site through log files. Analysis of log file means go log data into application service or installing software that can pluck relevant information from files in-house. 2) Privacy Most Electronic def rayment Systems knows the identity of the buyer. So it is necessary to protect the identity of a buyer who uses Electronic Payment System. References http//www. slideshare. net/dipaliqween/infoedge

Resistance of a Wire †Triple Science Essay

I also will be measuring the electrify using a amount ruler and will be keeping the temperature down by keeping the power pack level at 2volts. Apparatus 1. 1 Metre formula 2. 1 Power Pack 3. Sellotape 4. Variable Resistor 5. Ammeter 6. Voltmeter 7. Constantan wire Method I connected my circuit unitedly as shown in the diagram above. I attached the wire to the meter ruler using pins. As I carried on doing the experiment I adjusted some of the wires to come to sure everything was correct and in place. Steps 1. Adjust one metre continuance of constantan wire onto the metre ruler, and added the pins.2. Adjust and connect only the wires together 3. Turning on the power pack. The voltage and current are thusly read off the ammeter and voltmeter 4. The power supply then turned off, and the crocodile sever travel to the next position I counted the seconds of how long the power pack was on for to test for the investigation, my partner then read the results, and wrote it down, while I moved the garb to the next position. I double checked my results, making sure I was close to the true value, so I had no outliers. Results.When doing my experiment on the antithetical lengths of the wire, I double checked everything, to ensure that everything was correct, and there was no in-corrections. I recorded my results in the table below Length (cm) Voltage (V) Current (I) resistor (a) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (a) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (a) 1I saw that I had no outliers. I then calculated the means of the voltage, current and then from that calculated the opponent (V/I). R1 R2 R3 Mean Range From the tests and my graph, I acknowledged that the longer the wire, the larger the resistance.My graph gives a positive correlation. When I doubled the length of the wire, the resistance also doubled, for example, when the wire was 10cm, the resistance was 0. 15 (a), When the wire is 20cm, the resistance was 0. 31cm.Therefore, the fact that the resistance inc reases with the length, I acquit gathered that the longer the piece of the wire, the further the electrons have to travel, which means there are more ions for the electrons to bump into, so when the length of the wire doubles, the more ions there are for the electrons to bump into, which specifys the resistance increase. As the length increases, the resistance of the current increases because the current has further to go through in the wire, thus it has to go past more stationary atoms, which cause more collisions, and thereof there is more resistance.However, I believe that my results are reasonably reliable, because i repeated my experiment twice, and i double checked my calculations for the mean. My line on the graph, were in the first place on the best line of fit. Fair runnel To ensure that my tests and results were fair, I had to keep variable the same. The variables that I had to keep the same where the temperature of the wire, due to the face that the wire gained more thermal energy as the ions began to vibrate (This would sometimes become a problem when the wire was 10cm, because the wire was not as long.)However it seemed to be fine, which was expected because I chose constantan, which is proven to have a very low temperature increase. Another factor that I had to keep the same is the material of the wire because depending on the material, each material conducts different amounts of heat, which would affect the resistance. Reliability To spend a penny sure that my readings were all reliable, I had to double check and repeat my experiment again, so that I could spot any errors in my results. Using the wide range of lengths from 10cm to 1 metre allowed me to get a good range of results so that I could make a good conclusion.Accuracy To make sure that my test was accurate, I had to control the various procedures of the tests. One way in which I did this, was to measure the length of the constantan. The reason why I did this is to make sure that a ll my tests were accurate, and that my results would be close to the true value, or at least reliable. Safety To make sure that all the tests are entere safely, the power pack settings will be under 5 volts, so that the constantan wire will not get too hot and burn. If I did not take this safety measure into consideration then it could damage and affect the experiment, and give un-reliable results.Also all bags and outdoor clothing will be away from the experiment, in case any heat causes any accidents. Evaluation At the start of the investigation, I dont believe that I started off to well, as I was behind the rest of my peers, because my partner and I was a bit confused. However, when I understood what I was doing, I soon caught up, and was off to a flying start. The length investigations went very smoothly. I did find that sometimes, it was quite difficult to be accurate with whether the tip of the crocodile clip was exactly on the measurement I wanted, because it would make arou nd etc.One way I could have made sure that I was doing this accurately, was to make sure I pinpointed, If I had ensured this, I would have got more accurate readings, and much more precise measurements. Copper Atoms Electrons 3rd Test 2nd Test 1st Test Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that burn be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

International Student Organization

International student organization. East Carolina University is a university with enrollment around 30,000 students 299 of them is planetary students from 67 countries. When students choose to attend the university they begin a spic-and-span-sprung(prenominal) part of feel. Many students go to study in separate cities, and some students go to an early(a)(prenominal) countries. the States is a actually popular and high-class education that is valued all over the world, and of course a lot of students from other countries want to get a degree here.People in diverse countries be pee-pee divergently religion, ethnicity, geographic location and quality of life plays an important role in the behavior of sight. Therefore, students that come to the States from other countries have much difficulty than those who were born and raced here. Foreign students need time to adjust to a different culture, a different language, and many other things.A possible way for international student to deal with the complexities of ECU joins the International Student Organization (ISA). The ISA help international students understand American culture and feel more like at cornerstone by having festivals, shopping and field trips and a lot of different events. The ISA , one of over 200 student organizations at ECU, is in the main composed of foreign exchange students, or students who were not born in America although. The meetings and club atomic number 18 open to anyone who wants to join.The main reason it was setup was to flop international students an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the American culture in part through a campus experience, and also to offer non-international ECU students, with an liaison in one cultures, knowledge and experience in working with individuals from other backgrounds. It also allows international and American students to share experience and learn about other cultures at personal point of view.The ISA cooperating with Internatio nal House provides a special orientation for international students through the First friend political program (FFP) so that new students do not feel lonely. International Ports OCall stage of PirateFest The International student organization was involved in many activities and events. One of the biggest events in which ISA was involved in was the Pirate festival. PirateFest gives international students a chance to share their culture to help others understand them etter. This annual event celebrates eastern North Carolinas rich history steeped with famous pirates, including the infamous Blackbeard and Greenvilles own Pirates of ECU (Mike Davis), and encourages people to wear pirate regalia-hats, swords, and eye patches. The festival is held over two days and is composed of different stages, each of which represents a different event. The event feature food, art and crafts vendors and also musical and stage performers.Historical trolley tours stage is a very(prenominal) useful an d enkindle part of the festival because its a great way to move around the festival especially for international students who do not know the location of streets in the city. One of the most interesting stages for international students was the International Ports OCall because includes music, food, and attractions from nations around the world, and it will definitely help international students to feel more like at home and make it hard to forget about their culture.For international students who are coming to study in another country it is hard to find friends. It is not abstemious to get used to the different behavior of people and be open to new acquaintances. Therefore, and in cooperation with ISA the international house created the program called First friend program(FFP). To be involved in FFP both mentor and mentee must fill out an application, which has questions that help determine the background, interests, preferences and other information needed to help solve the be st mentee-mentee match.The FFP is really unaccented because by filling out an application you know that youll meet someone who has same interests as you. The FFP helps international students to adjust to life at ECU as quickly and smoothly as possible, and also enhance satisfaction with their academic and social experience. This program is very useful for students because they will not feel lonely and homesick, they are able to meet new friends and also international students can learn the nuances of culture from the inside, as well as be more successful in learning.Besides homework, tests and grades, a student social life is fun, but it is not eer easy to find entertainment that are always enjoy. Many international students dont have a car and therefore their possibilities are limited, but the international house every Friday makes shopping trips(William Mallett). Drivers take students where they want to go and take them back to residence after shopping. Also every Thursday stude nts can go to greenway excursions. Playing sports and socializing in the fresh air, very useful and at the same time you can see new parts of the city as well as make new friends.Most people weigh that studying in a different country is a privilege because they are able to experience other cultures, and learn from them. However, in the joined States it is not as good as they thought because International students have much more pressure being in this country, and sometimes they cannot handle it very well. Therefore, in the United States the life of an international student is very unfavorable if people compare it to the life of an American student.International students have to learn a new language to study, they cannot work while studying, and their tuition is much more expensive. When people moves to the United Stated to study they imagine that it will be very helpful, and they believe that learning a new language will not be a problem. However, when they really start studying th eir major, they find out that it is not easy since people have to really understand and appreciate the language. International students have to really learn English, and they have to know how to write it in order to have success.Also, for them to have success in university they have to participate in class, and analyze an amount of readings, and because they are international students, it is very difficult to achieve since they believe that Americans are going to laugh at them or make jokes of them if they say something incorrectly. For example, some Americans do not realize sometimes how hard is for international students being in a different country, with different people, learning a new language, and experiencing different cultures, so some of them do not really appreciate the effort that international students put on being in the United States.Its way more pressure for international students. They have to have good grades and work as hard as possible, because if not people back home going to put a lot of shame on them and their parents. Studying in different country it is always competition for international students, but if students choose right University where people care about international students and trying to help it shouldnt be that hard.International student organization definitely helps students from other countries feel more comfortable and less homesick, so they can you do best in classes to compete with other student on the same level. Work cited. Mike,Davis. Arrrgh you ready for Pirate Fest? East Carolinian, 12 April 2012 . Web. 1 November. Mallet,William International Student Organization. 30 october. 2012 emailprotected edu Personal page potency of International Affairs www. ecu. edu/intlaffairs/

Why School Environment Is Important

What atomic number 18 the hot Hampshire state requirements for physical environment of schools? What argon the federal requirements for the physical environment of schools? What are some of the best practices for schools about the physical environment? What elections or tools for schools are available on the physical environment? Whom do I contact for more data?The physical environment of school buildings and school grounds is a key factor in the general health and caoutchouc of students, staff, and visitors. nurture buildings and grounds must be designed and maintained to be thaw of health and safety hazards, and to promote learning. Studies have shown that student achievement can be affected each positively or negatively by the school environment. Policies and protocols must be in place to train food protection, sanitation, safe water supply, healthy air quality, good lighting, safe playgrounds, violence prevention, and emergency resolution, among some early(a) issues that relate to the physical environment of schools.What are the New Hampshire state requirements for physical environment of schools? The State burn down Code under RSA 1535 and the State Building Code under RSA 155 establish the rudimentary requirements for the construction, operation, and maintenance of school buildings. A number of state agencies including the plane section of Education, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Environmental Services, Department of Safety, Department of Labor, and otherwises enforce numerous statutes and administrative rules that address topics such as Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugsFood service. Hazardous materials such as asbestos, lead, mercury, radon, etc. Laboratories and shops. Pesticides. Playgrounds. Safe drinking water. Sanitation and housekeeping. School emergency response plans. Standards for school buildings. Traffic safety.WeaponsWhat are the federal requirements for the physical environment of schools? There are primarily twain federal laws pertaining to the physical environment of schools The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice The Asbestos Hazard apprehension Response Act (AHERA) enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency There are other federal environmental and public health laws that apply to schools. For the most part these have state equivalents that are administered by the appropriate state agencies. One thing to be noted is that public schools in New Hampshire are not subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Workplace safety for public employees is administered by the NH Department of Labor. What are some of the best practices for schools about the physical environment? 1. each school should have a health and safety committee comprised of administratorsclassroom teachers parents maintenance personnel school contain industrial arts, studio art, and family and consumer scie nce teachers laboratory science teachers food service personnel school resource officerThe committee should develop and ensure the implementation of plans for safe, healthy and well-maintained school buildings and grounds. The committee should be empowered to craft with on-going maintenance and repair issues, as well as on-going and emerging health or safety issues relate to the physical environment of schools and school grounds. 2. Every school should practice emergency response drills for a flesh of likely hazards and situations.Schools should implement programs to maintain good indoor air quality such as the EPAs Tools for Schools program. 4. School maintenance staff should practice Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and cleaning forhealth also cognize as green cleaning. 5. Schools should use automated systems such as Healthy SEAT and/or a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) to record and analyze maintenance issues and trends. This may be done at the district leve l. 6. Schools should establish procedures for managing chemicals used in science classes to include storage, reordering, and disposal.

Society’s Perception of Affirmative Action

I both agree, and disagree with what the author is saying in this article. He starts by saying that our chances of succeeding are influenced by the generation of our family that came before us, and by our network of friends and acquaintances. He applies the term social capital, to this. He then goes on to say that the government deals to take certificate of indebtedness for ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity get a job, be accepted into a university, or move up in their company.The next five paragraphs are spent arguing against color-blind absolutism, that is, the idea that we should ignore washables altogether. To this point in the article, I could non agree more. I hope most rational idea people learn from their parents, old(a) siblings and even their extended families. They see the mistakes that their families made and want to do better. In my family for instance, I am the youngest of six-spot children. My parents grew up in farming communities and had little o r no education. I was the first in the family to go straight through high school and graduate.Only the four youngest of six children received a high school diploma or equivalent, and only myself and one of my brothers has had any education beyond that. I see this as a natural evolution that takes several generations. Some of my older siblings did not see the value of an education, or of planning your future and setting goals. While I see the mistakes they made, it took me several years to realize that my success was dependent on setting goals, and the actions I took to achieve them. I also agree with the author assertion that society cannot be completely colorblind.We do not need to pretend that we are not different, we need to accept and embrace each others differences. We need to recognize and nourishment an eye on the each others cultures. Color and race will forever be used, just as height and heaviness are used to describe people. There is nothing wrong with acknowledging our differences, as long as we do not perceive those differences as negatives. I have to disagree with the remainder of the article. He has taken offense, apparently, to the learning that blacks need to be given preferential treatment to achieve a degree of success.I intend that he is arguing that approbative action is demeaning to blacks, but what he should be arguing against is not affirmative action, but white societys perception of affirmative action. Used as it was intended, affirmative action does not give minorities preferential treatment, it gives them an opportunity to compete with other applicants of equal qualifications. Human nature being what it is, opportunities do not always present themselves solely because of a persons skills, qualifications, or persistence.I recently read that a high percentage of positions are filled not through newspaper ads, or recruiting agencies, but through word of mouth. The best localise for employers to look for new employees is often from their current employees. If this is sure, then unless your work place is already racially diverse, most of your new hires are likely to come from similar racial or ethnic background as the majority of your workforce. Breaking this cycle takes a conscious effort. I believe this is the case in organized labor organizations.Perhaps there is no conscious effort to keep blacks or minorities out, but a desire to get ones family and friends in, so that they too may enjoy the benefits of a good job. I believe I benefited from affirmative action when I joined the union apprenticeship program. Had it not been for the pressure applied on unions to diversify, there is little doubt in my mind that someones son or nephew would have received that position. And that person would most likely have been a white male. The intention of affirmative action is to level the playing field, not to tilt it in the direction of minorities.If it is improperly used, we must not blame the program we must bla me the people that are administering it. Universities should not lower standards, but foster academically qualified minorities to apply and support programs that help increase the pool of qualified applicants. While it is true that an individuals success depends largely on that individuals own drive and self determination, history has taught us that things are not going to get better without some governmental intervention.

Effectiveness of Educational Technology”

The purpose of this research Effectiveness of rearingal Technology From a part of Education 1995 forum, or so panelists contended that rather than debating the connections between technology-based instruction and test scores, schools should focus on the most obvious and induce reason form implementing technology-namely, those students needs strong technology skills to succeed in the world of work. From research studies it shows verifying benefits from the use of technology for educational purposes. The data method use to collect this information was First, a U. S. Department of Education-funded study of nine technology-rich schools, concluded that the use of technology resulted in educational gains for either students regardless of age, race, maternal(p) income, or other characteristics. The second, a 10-year study supported by Apple Computer, Inc.Concluded that student provided with technology-rich knowledge environments continued to perform well on standardized tests but were also developing a contour of competencies not usually measured. Some success seen by there research, rising scores on recite tests, modify student attendance, increased student comprehension, self motivation, more parent/ teacher support improved student retention. Another issue the research hoped to confront was the possibility of negative effects from prolonged moving-picture show to computers.Some critics have worried those students who use computers extensively will become brain-dead or less favorable from looking at the computer screen all day. At the end of two years, the researchers learned that some of their worst fears had been groundless. In a 1994 Software Publishers Association (SPA) study, research found that Educational technology has a significant positive impact on achievement in all subject areas, across all levels of school, and in regular classrooms as well as those for special-needs students.Educational technology has positive effects on student attit udes. The degree of effectiveness is influenced by the student population, the instructional design, the teachers role, how students are grouped, and the levels of student access to technology. Technology makes instruction more student-centered, encourages cooperative learning, and stimulated increased teacher/student interaction. compulsive changes in the learning environment evolve over time and do not occur quickly.

Confucianism and Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee Essay

storied cases of arbiter Dee, a detective novel which describes crime cases which happened in China during the sapidity Dynasty, in the 7th Century. In the book hazard Dee is a well known magistrate of Chang Ping, whom and is famous for settlement crime and maintaining justice, particularly amongst common the Chinese People. In the book, prove Dee is faced with 3 murders. As arbitrator Dee begins solving the crimes, the story unfolds slowly and presents historical, social, legal, philosophical and even religious pictures of ancient China. Tang Dynasty China was a period in which society was strongly influenced by Confucianism, due strongly to the previous influence of the Han Dynasty.These Confucian standards within Tang society strongly guide social familys throughout the story in the invent of right races in particular, the relationships betwixt father and male child, ruler and subject, married man and wife, older brother and younger brother, and the relationship am idst virtuosos. These standards of interpersonal relationship strongly emphasized in Confucian belief played major roles throughout the three trials which forecast Dee faced.In order to examine the stories, the Confucius principal should first be discussed in great depth. Confucius sees social order as a series of status groups and graded roles, from the ruler at the top through officials, scholars, gentleman, entirely the way to the father of the family all with authority over, as well as a responsibility to set a honorable example to those below them. The key element of these interpersonal relationships is right relationships (also known as 5 relationships). These relationships refer to the ties between father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and those between friends. 1The relationship between father and son, according to Confucius, is that children for constantly and a day celebrate their parents and parents always are a mo ral model for their children. Between ruler and subject, the rulers are responsible for taking bearing of his people, trust his subject and be a good model, while the subjects should remain loyal and faithful to their rulers. The husband should treat his wife respectfully, while the wife should support thehusband. The elder brother should be a good role model and take good care of and younger one, while the younger one should respect the older brother (brothers being fraternal to each other). Finally, friends should be reasonable and trustworthy toward one another.From the five relationship principle, every person has many roles to play in this life , or in this society, and must obey these five relationships so that the world and the universe can improve toward perfection. These relationships are also symmetric and relative. For example, a father in family can also be a subject to the rulers, a friend to other people and meanwhile a son to his mother. It s therefore believed th at every person has a duty to follow through with their role within society, a concept which is clearly upheld by Judge Dee throughout the book.In noted Cases of Judge Dee, there are many cases follow the Confucius guide previously mentioned. For example, one of Confucius Analects says, In order to increase the peace and harmony in society, appoint the honest and empathetic to office.? ,, 2. Similarly, the Judge Dee story follows this Confucian principle, as evidenced by the original introduction If, therefore, a judge is honest, then the people in his districts leave behind be at peace.3. If a judge, as a ruler to the people in the lower level, can be honest to the people, then the people will obey and the society can remain in order, as portrayed within the right relationship principle between ruler and subject.Readers can also see this principle applies in the cases which face Judge Dee. The story begins with the murder of a travelling silk merchant, whom was traveling with an other merchant. The merchants were travelling together for safety, when one of them hit the other, sold the victims possessions, and ran away to live a wealthy life. When caught, the merchant placed all blame on someone else. The relationship portrayed between these two merchants, according to Confucianism, is one between friends (Confucius states that friends should be straight, honest, trustworthy and well informed in order to benefit in life). However, the merchant Shao cerebrationdifferently. Instead of being a trustworthy and honest friend, he ruins the relationship between friends, and commits the murder, thus creating madhouse in society.Another murder case n the story takes place in Huanghua village. A woman, Mrs Djou, had an engagement with Mr. Hsu. Later Mrs Djou murdered her husband Bee Husn in order to have Mr. Hsu marry her. Mrs. Djou even gives her little young woman drugs so that her daughter cannot tell on her. Mrs. Bee, Mr.s Djous mother in law, had been ill si nce the time of her sons death, though Mrs. Djou neglected this fact and did not try to take care of her. These behaviors broke three principles of the right relationships. First, Mrs. Djou committed a severe crime of killing her husband, and broke the relationship between a husband and a wife.Also, she gave drugs to her own daughter, ruining the relationship between the parent and the child. A mother should be a good model and take care of her child, but she failed to do that. Moreover, she ignored Mrs. Bees distemper instead of trying to cure her, once once more breaking the relationship between parents and children. Mrs. Djou failed to be a mother and here, failed to be a daughter in law. At the end of the case, Judge Dee sentences Mrs. Djou to a biting execution for murdering her husband and having an affair with another man. Mr. Hsu is sentenced to strangulation because he took part in the crime of having a affair with Mrs. Djou.However, there is another person who gets puni shed, Doctor Tang, Mr. Hsus teacher. Dr. Tang is the host teacher of the undercover school, and lives with all his students, taking charge in the supervision of his pupils. During the tribunal, Judge Dee told Doctor Tang, You, a man of grand learning and many years experience, have failed miserably in your duties as a tutor. The crime of fornication took place in your house, and, as it were, under your very eyes.you are strictly forbidden ever again to engage in the teaching of students. 4The Judge then proclaims to Mrs. Bee(though does not in fact punish her), You failed in your duty of supervising the conduct of your daughter-in-law, and consequently two heinous crimes were committed in your house.5 This relates again to the Confucian theory of right relationships. The remote should play his/her role as an older personin the Chinese society, or else the society will go without order, and though Mrs. Bee doesnt get punishment, the words Judge Dee says clearly portray interperson al relationships in Chinese society.Throughout the story the concept of right relationships is so important that people get punished, or scolded when they fail their Confucian duty. Doctor Tang was both elderly and a teacher, and is therefore responsible as a teacher, mentor, and supervisor in the lives of his students. However, he fails his duty as a teacher. According to the story, because Mrs. Bee and Dr. Tang did not do their duty of watching and guiding the younger ones (daughter in law and students), they indirectly let the crime take place and caused the tragedy.Throughout Celebrated Cases of Jude Dee, the relationship between ruler and ruled, between friends, husband and wife, parents and sons/daughters, the elderly and the younger remains incredibly significant, and continuously guides interpersonal relationships. Those whom did not follow the standards of the right relationships were met with punishment from Judge Dee, strongly exemplifying Confucian morality as a whole, a nd in many ways portraying a large aspect of Tang era society.BibliographyGulik, Robert Van. Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee. Mineola, NY Dover Publications, Inc., 1976Murphey, Rhoads. A History of Asia Sixth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education Inc., 20091 Rhoads Murphey, A History of Asia Sixth Edition, (Upper Saddle River, NJ Person Education Inc., 2009),32 2 Confucius and his students, Analects 219()3 Robert Van Gulik, Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee,(Mineola, N.Y. Dover Publications, Inc., 1976),54 Robert Van Gulik, Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee, (Mineola, N.Y. Dover Publications, Inc., 1976),2085 Robert Van Gulik, Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee, (Mineola, N.Y. Dover Publications, Inc., 1976),208

A Comparison between Jails and Prisons Essay

AbstractThis account will demonstrate the comparison between jails and prisons. A description of jails and how corrections contend a role will be explained, in addition to the history of jails and prison. Also a compendious of the show and federal official official prison history will explained, as well as the comparisons of the similarities between certification direct jails, state prisons, and federal prisons. Finally, an explanation of factors influencing growth in jails, state prisons, and federal prisons will be discussed.Jails be topical anestheticly operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after adjudication (Seiter, 2011). From a correctional stand point, jails serve a range of functions and possess a variety of categories which includes individuals pending arraignment, awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing mentally ill people who argon pending their movement to a suitable mental health readiness inmates pending transfer to federal, state, or criminal justice authorities inmates who are sentenced no longer than atomic number 53 year probation, parole, and bail bond violators, and juveniles who are pending transfer to juvenile authorities. These categories make the operation of electric current jails very complicated and require systems, staff, and facilities that are amenable to accommodate those innumerable demands. They have several various(a) terms that are used to label facilities that handle these specific functions such as correctional centers, bear of corrections, and detention facilities.During historic seasons in that respect has been a substantial difference between federal and state prison systems. State crimes consisted of murder, assault, robbery, theft, and burglary. Federal crimes consisted of white collar crimes, fraud, or treason. Over the late(prenominal) decades telling federalized crimes such as bank robbery, kidnapping the distribution of drugs, and murder of public officials. As a result of this, there is less discrepancy between the types of inmates in state and federal prisons than in the past.In the late 1800s, offenders were field of operationsd in state prisons if their sentence was for more than one year. After the U.S. Department of Justice was established in 1870, a select official was responsible for the care and custody of all federal prisoners. Although, state prisons became overcrowded, the states became indisposed to house federal offenders and insisted the Department of Justice to establish facilities to maintain federal inmates. This led to Congress passing the lead Penitentiary Act.This act authorized the production of three penitentiaries to house federal offenders. These three prisons served the needs of the federal government and housed almost all federal inmates for several decades (Seiter, 2011). The three penitentiaries became crowded therefore in 1925 Congress authorized the creation of a reformatory for males between the ages of seventeen a nd thirty. Two years later a federal prison for women was established in 1927.Today the federal prison system is a nationwide system of prisons and detention facilities for incarceration of inmates who are sentenced for federal crimes and for the detention of the offenders awaiting trial or sentencing in federal court. Federal prison camps are established to be minimum-security institutions. These institutions have dormitory housing, low number in staff, and limited or no perimeter fencing. Federal correctional institutions are considered low security prisons. These institutions are double fenced, mostly dormitory housing, and a higher staff ratio than minimum security facilities. almost adult prisoners who are serving more than one year are housed in facilities that are lick by the state. As of June 30, 2008, the states operated almost one thousand two hundred fifty prisons are retention approximately 1.41 million inmates (Seiter, 2011). Each state adopts its own penal code that specifies what acts are considered felonies, what extent of sentences is accessible for each category of crime, and what type if sentencing configuration it will have.The state prison system security level assortments are similar to the federal prison system. One key difference is that many states have telephone exchange reception centers, which all inmates are placed until classified. When the inmates arrive at the reception center they receive a security classification to clarify which prison they will be assigned. The ideal purpose of security classification is to counterpart offenders to institutions that have the physical security and staff resources to avoid escape and control their behavior.Over the past years, the prison population has grown due to an increase in violence and other major crimes. For instance, lah has had over fifty killings this year compared the forty killings that took place for the entire last year. Louisianas prison population is crowded and overcro wded at some institutions. At mid-year 2002, the population of the nations prisons and jails for the first time reached two million (Seiter, 2011). The growth of prison incarceration continues to grow every twenty years. Over the years, jurisdiction has tried to come up with a solution to solve its jail crowding problem. They thought building new facilities would be the answer to their problems but they were wrong. Many factors influenced that decision including politics and budget challenges.In conclusion, jails and prisons are similar. Prisons are more populated than jails. The reader should understand the difference between federal and state prisons and local jails. Also the history of how federal and state prisons were explained to let the reader know how and where the prisons derived from and how they evolved into what they are today.Works CitedSeiter, R. P. (2011). department of corrections An Introduction (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.